The usage is well established. A comma (,) is a punctuationmark that is frequently used in sentences. When determining how best to punctuate a sentence, there are a few rules or guidelines that should be followed: Rule 1: If the sentence starts with an introductory element, a comma should come after that element. Defining inductive types in intensional type theory purely in terms of type-theoretic data. (Law firm: David Polk), Some law firms etc. Version 2 is even worse, allowing two commas to clutter the expression that is to be shortened. Adding a comma can change the meaning of a sentence. However, if we define this as "the Act", where do we put the definition in parenthesis? What should I do? ("The Stove," in Whilomville Stories, 1900) At first glance the above style seems odd; yet it is used by major law firms and in SEC filings. In the sentence “ ‘This plan will cause our taxes to go up,’ he said,” the phrase “he said” is the attributive tag, and it’s supposed to be set off with a comma, which, … Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence. At their worst, misused punctuation marks — commas, semicolons, quotation marks, and the rest — may muddle the meaning of your sentences, leaving your reader confused and frustrated. However, I agree with @RegDwight; Using no punctuation implies that there could be more suspects. Update: There was a time when this sentence would be punctuated exactly this way. which govern the creation of the prospectus. You can overlook the double commas rule here, though I don't think that's even a rule that is set in stone in the first place (I've never heard of it). I'm not asking whether to use punctuation or not, I'm wondering which punctuation I should use (i.e. Information delivery requirement—For resales of securities of an Should enclosing commas be treated as parentheses? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. = We're eating with Albert. Is there any risk when plugging one's own headphones in an airplane's headphone plug? The first example, the one about the fox, is the more valid one. I've always felt like parenthesis should be used to provide details which are not "directly" related to the meaning of the sentence. Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab has an excellent section o… reviewed. Using a Comma After "However" Bear in mind that "however" has two meanings. The suspect (Tom Wilson) is now being charged with murder. If at all possible." I can tell you now that Version 1 is the one I see everywhere, but to me Version 2 makes more sense. other items, “reasonably current” financial information [3] prepared They are also used sometimes, in fiction, to denote text that is heard through a telephone or other device. To me. In the former case, personally I agree with your analysis - but I'm British, and I think that American English (AmE) sometimes views the placement of commas differently from BrE. There is a comma before the conjunction (but), and the nonessential comment (in the end) is set off with a pair of commas. If I ask my doctor to order a blood test, can they refuse? As a general rule, do not use a comma to separate the parts of a double predicate, unless the sentence would be confusing without it, or the second part of the double predicate requires special emphasis. Although these doubled words are correct, consider rewording your sentence if the repeated words bother you. Does blocking keywords prevent code injection inside this interactive Python file? Even if the element is short, a comma should still follow it. Here are some clues to help you decide whether the sentence element is essential: punctuating more than one sentence within em dashes and parentheses midsentence. "My house, which is adjacent to another house, (the 'House') is nice" is wrong because, as you say, "(the 'House')" goes with "another house". as in your other example, or I would have commas on both sides to match the natural pauses you would include when speaking the sentence aloud: "My house, which is adjacent to another house, (the 'House'), is nice", Part of the problem here, I think, is that you are using an extremely abbreviated form of the parenthetical idea intended: "(the Act)" is short for "(hereinafter referred to as 'the Act')." Commas or parenthesis mean a non-restrictive relative clause---one which provides information about the affected noun, but does not serve to restrict the possible identity; without punctuation, it's a restrictive clause, which restricts the meaning of the noun. It is non-negotiable. What happens when an aboleth enslaves another aboleth who's enslaved a werewolf? 1. Rules on encapsulating additional information: use commas(,… ,)or dashes (- … -)? That said, in this particular case, law firm and official usage is what counts. What software will allow me to combine two images? Another example is “By the time I thought of it, it was too late.” In this case, you can put a comma between the “it”s to make the sentence easier to follow. issuer that is not an SEC reporting company or exempt from reporting Here are some examples: However, she didn’t love him back. As you can see, deciding which punctuation is appropriate is rather subjective. Why does The Mandalorian use a telescope in some scenes? "Suspect Tom Wilson..." even more heavily implies there is potentially more than one suspect. You can also think of the two commas/no commas distinction in terms of one vs. many. Trauma is a fact of life. Two commas in a sentence don't necessairily mean that the material between those two commas are purely an aside - as eventhorizon says, it's there to aid the understanding and flow of the line. Now that it's about a fox, I might actually prefer dashes, but didn't want to change my answer that much. The suspect, Tom Wilson, is now being charged with murder. In Version 1, you let a comma stand between "the U.S. Securities Act of 1933" and "as amended," inviting confusion as to whether " ('the Act')" refers to the eight preceding words or only to the two following the comma. Comma rules can be confusing. When an adverbial phrase begins a sentence, it’s often followed by a … rev 2021.3.17.38813, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, English Language & Usage Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. Is it impolite to not reply back during the weekend? When to use brackets. Why am I getting rejection in PhD after interview? (Psychologist Peter A. Levine) When used as a parenthesis, "however" will be in the middle or at the end of a clause. Punctuation is one component of writing that people seldom think about or notice — except when it is wrong. “Securities Act”), provides an exemption from the registration Commas provide clarity, particularly in sentences that contain several different elements. When the teacher said a word that had a double entendre, laughing could be heard from the back of the room since the kids took what she said as an inappropriate remark. Commas are often used to enclose parenthetical words and phrases within a sentence (i.e., information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence). Examples of Double Entendre in a sentence A joke was fashioned from the use of a double entendre by mistaking a pirate’s treasure of booty with a body part. For your first example (Tom Wilsons), I think it depends more on the context: In the current text, are they more than one suspect? Such phrases are both preceded and followed by a comma, unless that would result in a doubling of punctuation marks or the parenthetical is at the start or end of the sentence. Where to put the periods when using a parenthetical sentence? The children—who are wearing shoes—will go on the trip, The children, who are wearing shoes, will go on the trip, The children (who are wearing shoes) will go on the trip. The first example, the one about the fox, is the more valid one. So, you think that there's no difference between parenthesis and double commas in this case? Version 2 is even worse, allowing two commas to clutter the expression that is to be shortened. Commas are used to separate a sentence’s elements, to connect independent clauses, to avoid confusion, and much more. But when words or phrases with their own punctuation move into a sentence, the word punctuation always stays next to the word, which sometimes results in two marks in a row: one for the word, and one for the sentence (whether at the pause or at the end). Get a clear picture of when to use commas by exploring their usage through examples. Professor Legasov superstition in Chernobyl. I'll chime in with RegDwight. as amended (the “Exchange Act”), certain information must be delivered This is just boilerplate and shouldn't be generalized. Using Commas to Separate a Sentence’s Elements. Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! Commas around a name or title indicate that it is NOT essential to the meaning of a sentence – the sentence will make sense in context without it. Parenthetical sentence (double commas) followed by definition in parenthesis - where to put commas? The exclamation point is the most valuable punctuation mark you have in your arsenal, but it's also the most dangerous. This isn't a call-out which requires the reader to comply with the Act. Could the observable universe be bigger than the universe? On a scale from Optimist to Pessimist, what would be exactly in the middle? Comma: A small little punctuation mark that can potentially alter the meaning of your entire sentence. Here’s a different sentence in which you could use any of the three punctuation marks because it includes a clear, simple appositive, a noun or noun phrase that defines the noun that it came right before or after (2). Comma after a coordinating conjunction preceding a parenthetical at the start of the sentence. Commas separate ideas, add pauses, and help you to list things clearly. If it were a call-out involving the readers compliance, it would have to be handled differently. Here, we offer a brief, basic guide to using commas correctly. Why is it not possible to kill Vim using the TERM signal from inside Vim itself? A comma normally follows participial phrases that introduce a sentence: Grabbing her umbrella, Kate raced out of the house. (Nitpick: the plural of 'parenthesis' is 'parentheses'.). requirements of the Securities Act for certain cross-border exchange A double predicate exists where the sentence has one subject and two verbs related to that subject. Because you have included only an extract from the relevant sentence, it is not clear what the second comma is separating, which, in turn, would affect it's placement. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. In place of either of those versions, I would recommend this one: Version 3: "according to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 as amended ('the Act'), the Securities....". In the particular case where a writer is introducing a parenthetical short form of a longer string of words, including intervening punctuation (here, commas) is an encumbrance to clarity and coherence— What does Mazer Rackham (Ender's Game) mean when he says that the only teacher is the enemy? Be sure never to add an extra comma between the final adjective and the noun itself or to use commas with non-coordinate adjectives. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. When a word or phrase forms an introduction to a sentence, you should follow it with a comma, as recommended by Purdue OWL. (according to sounds like someone is giving a version of a narrative so it's best avoided here.). and what is the point of punctuation if not to make the author's meaning easier to grasp? Am I using commas for parenthesis properly here? Click to find out more! From the following ladeedah law firm: Posted by Nicholas Grabar, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, on Saturday, January 16, 2016, Rule 802 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the More clear is the example about your house. The children (who are wearing shoes) will go on the trip. offers and business combinations by foreign private issuers involving Term for a technique intended to draw criticism to an opposing view by emphatically overstating that view as your own. It merely identifies the regs. I think there is, I was merely commenting on your second paragraph rather than the first one. I realize that the first example, the one that uses parentheses, is probably more valid in this case (if anyone has a better example, please include it), but when, if ever, would you favor parentheses? John Smith (a member of the jury) agreed with the verdict. Supervisor who accepted me for a research internship could not recognize me. "According to" is not a good choice here for SEC filings. The suspect, Tom Wilson, ... and The suspect (Tom Wilson) both imply that there is just one suspect. Is it meaningful to define the Dirac delta function as infinity at zero? Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun. to a prospective purchaser. What crime is hiring someone to kill you and then killing the hitman? Can you please tell me which one you think is correct? What software will allow me to combine two images? Simone LeVoid, who has never voted in her life, is running for the post of county commissioner. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Note that word `pair': bracketing commas, in principle at least, always occur in pairs, though sometimes one of them is not written, as explained below. It should be offset with commas. It only takes a minute to sign up. We have them all listed here along with fun examples and notes for you. The same rules apply for titles. How to find the intervals in which a function is positive? Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Without them, sentences would just be messy! If I ask my doctor to order a blood test, can they refuse? How to punctuate a sentence with post-nominal letters followed by a parenthetical fragment? Punctuation in Sentences – How to Use It Correctly. Are commas and dashes truly interchangeable? Confused by her sister’s sudden change in mood, Jill stayed quiet. "The first example - the one about the fox - is the more valid one". http://www.engvid.com/ In this lesson, I look at comma use in the English language. How to make electronic systems which work below −40°C (−40°F)? The sentence is correct with or without the comma before and. Alternative: pursuant to. ( Guideline: Use a comma after a phrase or clause that precedes the subject of the sentence.) rev 2021.3.17.38813, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, English Language & Usage Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. Today, such a sentence is considered over-punctuated. Punctuation of abbreviation followed by parenthesis. "under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act)," [rest of sentence]. Whether the author would normally set off "as amended" with commas is beside the point. The first example (the one about the fox) is the more valid one. It is important to note that the provisions of the Act are not being foisted on the reader. They also let us connect words, phrases, and clauses together to make longer sentences. Neither of the two versions that you offer as ways of dealing with the specific situation you ask about—. In fact, the comma is one of the most important and commonly used types of punctuation. I am working with legal texts a lot and I was wondering about the following phrase that will show up in most US related prospectuses: "according to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities....". Parentheses vs. commas vs. hyphen or dash in a list of people. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Why are some item numbers missing in ICAO flight plans? American writer Stephen Crane slipped a double genitive into one of his short stories: "Oh, just a toy of the child's," explained the mother. I would say that both "The suspect (Tom Wilson)..." and "The suspect, Tom Wilson,.." imply that there is only. Is the second comma (i) merely paired with the first comma (either side of "as amended"); or (2) is it terminating the entire clause "according to ..."? How can you make an armor that when you wear it, it will give you resistance 255? Please assume that these two options are the only options available to me. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The ability to write grammatically correct sentences (i) Readers aren’t impressed with mistake-littered posts. The OP did not provide a full sentence so the discussion is not moot. Is it impolite to not reply back during the weekend? John Smith, a member of the jury, agreed with the verdict. parenthesis or commas). The car is … On the other hand, it might be best to wait until next week. "My house, which is adjacent to another house (the 'House'), is nice". What effect does closing a lid in some recipe do? It only takes a minute to sign up. "She's grown so fond of it, she loves it so." To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Remember to stick with whatever (double or single inverted commas) you’ve chosen, so that your writing is consistent throughout. In this sentence you could use a comma, a dash, or a colon: The new suspect was Aardvark’s best friend: Squiggly. ("My house, which is adjacent to another house, (the 'House') is nice" vs. "My house, which is adjacent to another house (the 'House'), is nice."). Is exposing regex in error response to end user bad practice? A comma can be used in so many ways. In Version 1, you let a comma stand between "the U.S. Securities Act of 1933" and "as amended," inviting confusion as to whether "('the Act')" refers to the eight preceding words or only to the two following the comma. Is there any risk when plugging one's own headphones in an airplane's headphone plug? Double quotation marks (二重鉤括弧, nijūkagikakko) are used to mark quotes within quotes: 「...『...』...」 as well as to mark book titles (Japanese does not have italic type, and does not use sloping type for this purpose in Japanese). The suspect (Tom Wilson) is now being charged with murder. Let's eat, Albert. hmm, you are probably right. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. also, without punctuation, the sentence reads like you're describing Tom Wilson as suspect, rather than, I agree. If there's a quotation within the double quotes, use single quotes. Punctuate a double question with the latter question in parentheses? What does Mazer Rackham (Ender's Game) mean when he says that the only teacher is the enemy? Do ISCKON accept the authority of the Vedas? Sci-Fi book where aliens are sending sub-light bombs to destroy planets, protagonist has imprinted memories and behaviours. (There are a few exceptions that require you to use the Oxford comma in a list, but they are pretty rare. The use of quotation marks, also called inverted commas, is very slightly complicated by the fact that there are two types: single quotes (` ') and double quotes (" "). Design considerations when combining multiple DC DC converter with the same input, but different output. Parentheses are used for digressions - things that could be completely removed without affecting the meaning. pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, There are two schools of thought on how best to lighten the punctuation of such a sentence. )Just be consistent. In the parenthetical sentence with "as amended" (Version 1) or after the comma after "as amended" (Version 2): Version 1: "according to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), the Securities....", Version 2: "according to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Act") the Securities....". Use one comma before to indicate the beginning of the pause and one at the end to indicate the end of the pause. In the second place, I think it is a bad idea to allow commas to interrupt the full phrase that you want the short form to represent. use: as amended (the Securities Act), [rest of sentence] and others use: as amended (the "Securities Act"), [rest of sentence]. The same would be in the case of "XYZ Inc., a company organized under the laws of India and with registration number 123456 in the local trade registry, (the 'Entity') is ...." If I place the definition on the wrong side of the comma, I am defining the registry instead of XYZ Inc. Because your legal example is a sentence fragment, it's hard to be sure. If there's a quotation within the quotation within the quotation, use double quotes again. No commas imply that the … Your final version (with an extra comma) looks very wrong to me. (Guideline: Use a pair of commas to set off nonessential words, phrases, or clauses—also called nonrestrictive elements—that interrupt a sentence.) :), Parentheses vs. double commas vs. dashes to provide additional detail, Using a dash, parenthesis, and comma (weird example), Proper way to introduce a term by two names in writing, Using em-dash instead of parentheses and commas, Usage of commas around book and poem titles. —does a very good job of representing the intended meaning, it seems to me. Let's eat Albert. The required information includes, among By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. For example, if I write "My house, which is adjacent to another house, is nice," then if I put the definition after the last comma, I define my house. John Smith (a member of the jury) agreed with the verdict. In the first place, the point of the wording is to set up "the Act" as a short way of saying "the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended"—and yet both of the versions you offer leave the outside the quotation marks, as if you expected to write things like "When Act was signed into law..." and "The key provision of Act on this question is..." This problem is easily corrected by including the word the inside the quotation marks: ("the Act"). I'm sorry I couldn't be of more help. Commas are the same in appearance as apostrophes , but are placed on the bottom... Comma - definition of comma by The Free Dictionary ... that indicates a pause in a sentence: A misplaced comma can convey a very different meaning. Word does not approve, but the sentence is grammatical, if a bit awkward. I don't know the answer, I was just hoping to give you more to think about, hopefully making it easier to come to a conclusion. Which to use depends partly on the length of the clause—for example, if the clause itself contains a comma, you kind of have to use a dash—and partly on its importance: at least in my perception, a comma-delineated clause is more important to understanding the meaning than a dash-delineated one. Why do I need to download a 'new' version of Windows 10? It does not, however, have to be a life sentence. There are more usages of a comma, for example, how adding or removing comma before and after a name changes the meaning of the sentence — In this Grammar.com article let us understand how to correctly use commas with names. John Smith, a member of the jury, agreed with the verdict. We use commas while combining multiple phrases in one sentence or writing about different items in a list. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The comma is one of the most commonly used punctuation marks in English. Commas don't just signify pauses in a sentence — precise rules govern when to use this punctuation mark. What effect does closing a lid in some recipe do? In other words, what's between parenthesis can be ignored without jeopardizing the meaning. The rule is this: a pair of bracketing commas is used to mark off a weak interruption of the sentence — that is, an interruption which does not disturb the smooth flow of the sentence. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. When do you use commas and when do you use parentheses to provide more detail about something? What might cause evolution to produce bioluminescence in almost every lifeforms on a alien planet? under or pursuant is better. Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. the issuance of securities. = We're going to eat Albert. If yes, I think double commas are more appropriate. How to make electronic systems which work below −40°C (−40°F)? @CJM: like I said, I'm not sure about that one; for some reason, when the example was still about parentheses, I leaned toward commas. The example I learned from: "The children, who are wearing shoes, will go on the trip" versus "The children who are wearing shoes will go on the trip"; the first means that all the children are wearing shoes, and all will go, while the second means that only the children who are wearing shoes will go.
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